The F-1 student visa is
used primarily for full-time study at a school or college in the U.S. Students
are admitted for "duration of status," which is the period of time
needed to complete the degree program. The International Student Advisor (also
known as the DSO, or Designated School Official) at the school prepares Form
I-20 on behalf of the student when the student applies for a change of status
within the U.S. or for a visa from a U.S.
Consulate abroad.
The student must show that
he or she has enough money or financial support to study in the U.S. without working. The student must
also provide evidence that he or she does not intend to immigrate to the U.S. The spouse and dependent children
receive F-2 status.
The F-1 student status
does not entitle the student to work in the U.S. without prior authorization. F-1
students are not allowed to work during their first academic year, except for
on-campus work. A student may also work in the U.S. under the "practical
training" option (OPT).
Practical Training is
generally used after completion of the academic program. The maximum period for
OPT is normally 12 months. OPT after completion of the academic program
provides a student with the opportunity to find an employer willing to sponsor
the student for another visa, such as the H-1B.
In April, 2008 the USCIS
implemented new
regulations that affects F-1 students’ OPT in two significant ways: it addresses the “cap-gap” problem where
an F-1 student’s status and employment authorization expire before he or she
can obtain H-1B authorization (i.e., on October 1.) The new regulation
addresses this issue by automatically extending the period of stay and
employment authorization of F-1 students with pending H-1B petitions; and it
allows certain students with a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctorate degree with
majors in Science, Technology, Mathematics or Science (STEM) to extend their one year
OPT by an additional 17 months. The affected students may apply for the
extension at any time prior to the expiration date of their current OPT period,
and their employer must be enrolled in E-Verify.
Please contact our law firm for additional
discussion of this category and alternative options.